Background and History

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Military auxiliary forces have a long and varied history around the world, dating back to ancient times. The concept of auxiliaries originated with the Roman Empire, where non-citizen infantry and cavalry were recruited from provincial tribal groups to serve alongside the legions. These auxiliaries provided specialized skills such as missile troops, cavalry, and light infantry, and could earn Roman citizenship after a fixed term of service.





 

In the British Empire, auxiliary forces played a significant role, particularly during their colonial era. Locally recruited irregulars, often described as auxiliaries, supported the regular military forces. During World War I, the British government established the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) to allow women to take over non-combatant roles, freeing up soldiers for front-line duties. This corps later evolved into the Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) where Princess (later Queen) Elizabeth served during World War II.  The ATS eventually became the Women's Royal Army Corps (WRAC).







 

In the United States, the concept of auxiliary forces took shape during World War II with the formation of the Women's Army Corps (WAC) in 1941. This organization provided crucial support services, allowing active-duty soldiers to focus on combat roles. In 1976 the Women's Army Corps was disbanded and absorbed into the regular Army.











The Women's Air Force Service Pilots (WASP) (also Women's Army Service Pilots or Women's Auxiliary Service Pilots) was a civilian women pilots' organization, whose members were United States federal civil service employees. Members of WASP became trained pilots who tested aircraft, ferried aircraft and trained other pilots. Their purpose was to free male pilots for combat roles during World War II. Despite various members of the armed forces being involved in the creation of the program, the WASP and its members had no military standing.

 

Auxiliary forces have proven to be invaluable in enhancing the operational capacity of military organizations worldwide, providing specialized skills, cost-effective resource management, and fostering community engagement.

Other US Auxiliary Organizations
Currently, the United States has several military auxiliaries that provide support to the main branches of the military. These auxiliaries play crucial roles in enhancing the capabilities of the armed forces without being directly involved in combat. Here are some of the key U.S. military auxiliaries:
 

1. Civil Air Patrol (CAP): As the official auxiliary of the U.S. Air Force, CAP performs a variety of missions, including disaster relief, search and rescue, and homeland security. CAP members are civilian volunteers who receive training and support from the Air Force. CAP also administers a Cadet Program for youth ages 12-21. Their website can be found at:  www.GoCivilAirPatrol.com.
   The history of how and why the CAP was founded just one week before Pearl Harbor can be found on their history page HERE. ​
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    

2. Coast Guard Auxiliary (CGAux): This organization supports the U.S. Coast Guard by assisting with boating safety, search and rescue operations, and environmental protection. Auxiliary members are civilian volunteers who undergo training to support the Coast Guard's missions.  Their website can be found at www.CGAux.org.  A brief history of the CGAux can be found HERE! 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    

3. Military Auxiliary Radio System (MARS): MARS provides communication support to the military, particularly in times of emergency or when regular communication channels are unavailable. MARS members are civilian volunteers who use their amateur radio skills to assist the military.  Their website can be found HERE!​ 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    

4. Merchant Marine: Although not a traditional auxiliary, the Merchant Marine plays a vital role in supporting the Navy by transporting troops, equipment, and supplies during times of war and national emergency. Merchant mariners are civilian sailors who work on commercial vessels that are activated for military service when needed. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
    

5. State Defense Forces (SDFs) and/or State Guards (SGs): These are state-level military organizations that support the National Guard and other military forces. SDFs are composed of volunteers who provide emergency response, disaster relief, and other support functions. Each state has its own SDF, and they operate under the jurisdiction of the state governor. Currently, 23 states have active SDFs or SGs. Each state organizes and funds their particular SDFs to meet the needs of their particular state. 
    

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These auxiliaries are essential force multipliers, enhancing the operational capacity of the U.S. military while providing opportunities for civilians to contribute to national defense and emergency response efforts.

 

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